ATmega32 Atmel Corporation, ATmega32 Datasheet - Page 172
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ATmega32
Manufacturer Part Number
ATmega32
Description
Manufacturer
Atmel Corporation
Specifications of ATmega32
Flash (kbytes)
32 Kbytes
Pin Count
44
Max. Operating Frequency
16 MHz
Cpu
8-bit AVR
# Of Touch Channels
16
Hardware Qtouch Acquisition
No
Max I/o Pins
32
Ext Interrupts
3
Usb Speed
No
Usb Interface
No
Spi
1
Twi (i2c)
1
Uart
1
Graphic Lcd
No
Video Decoder
No
Camera Interface
No
Adc Channels
8
Adc Resolution (bits)
10
Adc Speed (ksps)
15
Analog Comparators
1
Resistive Touch Screen
No
Temp. Sensor
No
Crypto Engine
No
Sram (kbytes)
2
Eeprom (bytes)
1024
Self Program Memory
YES
Dram Memory
No
Nand Interface
No
Picopower
No
Temp. Range (deg C)
-40 to 85
I/o Supply Class
2.7 to 5.5
Operating Voltage (vcc)
2.7 to 5.5
Fpu
No
Mpu / Mmu
no / no
Timers
3
Output Compare Channels
4
Input Capture Channels
1
Pwm Channels
4
32khz Rtc
Yes
Calibrated Rc Oscillator
Yes
Available stocks
Company
Part Number
Manufacturer
Quantity
Price
Company:
Part Number:
ATmega32-16AC
Manufacturer:
COMPAL
Quantity:
500
Part Number:
ATmega32-16AU
Manufacturer:
ATMEL
Quantity:
20 000
Part Number:
ATmega32-16PI
Manufacturer:
ATMEL/爱特梅尔
Quantity:
20 000
Part Number:
ATmega32-16PU
Manufacturer:
ATMEL/爱特梅尔
Quantity:
20 000
Combining Address
and Data Packets into
a Transmission
Multi-master Bus
Systems,
Arbitration and
Synchronization
2503Q–AVR–02/11
Figure 80. Data Packet Format
A transmission basically consists of a START condition, a SLA+R/W, one or more data packets
and a STOP condition. An empty message, consisting of a START followed by a STOP condi-
tion, is illegal. Note that the wired-ANDing of the SCL line can be used to implement
handshaking between the master and the slave. The slave can extend the SCL low period by
pulling the SCL line low. This is useful if the clock speed set up by the master is too fast for the
slave, or the slave needs extra time for processing between the data transmissions. The slave
extending the SCL low period will not affect the SCL high period, which is determined by the
master. As a consequence, the slave can reduce the TWI data transfer speed by prolonging the
SCL duty cycle.
Figure 81
between the SLA+R/W and the STOP condition, depending on the software protocol imple-
mented by the application software.
Figure 81. Typical Data Transmission
The TWI protocol allows bus systems with several masters. Special concerns have been taken
in order to ensure that transmissions will proceed as normal, even if two or more masters initiate
a transmission at the same time. Two problems arise in multi-master systems:
•
•
The wired-ANDing of the bus lines is used to solve both these problems. The serial clocks from
all masters will be wired-ANDed, yielding a combined clock with a high period equal to the one
An algorithm must be implemented allowing only one of the masters to complete the
transmission. All other masters should cease transmission when they discover that they
have lost the selection process. This selection process is called arbitration. When a
contending master discovers that it has lost the arbitration process, it should immediately
switch to slave mode to check whether it is being addressed by the winning master. The fact
that multiple masters have started transmission at the same time should not be detectable to
the slaves, that is, the data being transferred on the bus must not be corrupted.
Different masters may use different SCL frequencies. A scheme must be devised to
synchronize the serial clocks from all masters, in order to let the transmission proceed in a
lockstep fashion. This will facilitate the arbitration process.
SDA
SCL
Transmitter
Aggregate
SDA from
SDA from
SCL from
receiverR
Master
SDA
START
SLA+R/W
shows a typical data transmission. Note that several data bytes can be transmitted
Addr MSB
1
2
Data MSB
SLA+R/W
1
Addr LSB
7
2
R/W
8
ACK
9
Data Byte
7
Data MSB
Data LSB
1
8
2
Data Byte
ACK
9
7
ATmega32(L)
Data LSB
8
STOP, REPEATED
ACK
9
START or Next
Data Byte
STOP
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