AD9510 Analog Devices, AD9510 Datasheet - Page 17

• Manufacturer Part Number: AD9510
• Manufacturer: Analog Devices

Preliminary Technical Data
TERMINOLOGY
Phase Jitter and Phase Noise
An ideal sine wave can be thought of as having a continuous
and even progression of phase with time from 0 to 360 degrees
for each cycle. Actual signals, however, display a certain amount
of variation from ideal phase progression over time. This
phenomenon is called phase jitter. Although there are many
causes that can contribute to phase jitter, one major component
is due to random noise which is characterized statistically as
being Gaussian (normal) in distribution.
This phase jitter leads to a spreading out of the energy of the
sine wave in the frequency domain, producing a continuous
power spectrum. This power spectrum is usually reported as a
series of values whose units are dBc/Hz at a given offset in
frequency from the sine wave (carrier). The value is a ratio
(expressed in dB) of the power contained within a 1 Hz
bandwidth with respect to the power at the carrier frequency.
For each measurement the offset from the carrier frequency is
also given.
It is also meaningful to integrate the total power contained
within some interval of offset frequencies (for example, 10 kHz
to 10 MHz). This is called the integrated phase noise over that
frequency offset interval and can be readily related to the time
jitter due to the phase noise within that offset frequency
interval.
Phase noise has a detrimental effect on the performance of
ADCs and DACs and RF mixers. It lowers the achievable
dynamic range of the converters and mixers, although they are
affected in somewhat different ways.
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Time Jitter
Phase noise is a frequency domain phenomenon. In the time
domain, the same effect is exhibited as time jitter. When
observing a sine wave, the time of successive zero crossings is
seen to vary. In the case of a square wave, the time jitter is seen
as a displacement of the edges from their ideal (regular) times
of occurrence. In both cases, the variations in timing from the
ideal are the time jitter. Since these variations are random in
nature, the time jitter is specified in units of seconds root mean
square (rms) or 1 sigma of the Gaussian distribution.
Time jitter that occurs on a sampling clock for a DAC or an
ADC decreases the SNR and dynamic range of the converter. A
sampling clock with the lowest possible jitter provides the
highest performance from a given converter.
Additive Phase Noise
It is the amount of phase noise that is attributable to the device
or subsystem being measured. The phase noise of any external
oscillators or clock sources has been subtracted. This makes it
possible to predict the degree to which the device impacts the
total system phase noise when used in conjunction with the
various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contribute
their own phase noise to the total. In many cases, the phase
noise of one element dominates the system phase noise.
Additive Time Jitter
It is the amount of time jitter that is attributable just to the
device or subsystem being measured. The time jitter of any
external oscillators or clock sources has been subtracted. This
makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device will
impact the total system time jitter when used in conjunction
with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which
contribute their own time jitter to the total. In many cases, the
time jitter of the external oscillators and clock sources
dominates the system time jitter.
AD9510