ATmega16U4 Atmel Corporation, ATmega16U4 Datasheet - Page 193
ATmega16U4
Manufacturer Part Number
ATmega16U4
Description
Manufacturer
Atmel Corporation
Specifications of ATmega16U4
Flash (kbytes)
16 Kbytes
Pin Count
44
Max. Operating Frequency
16 MHz
Cpu
8-bit AVR
# Of Touch Channels
14
Hardware Qtouch Acquisition
No
Max I/o Pins
26
Ext Interrupts
13
Usb Transceiver
1
Usb Speed
Full Speed
Usb Interface
Device
Spi
2
Twi (i2c)
1
Uart
1
Graphic Lcd
No
Video Decoder
No
Camera Interface
No
Adc Channels
12
Adc Resolution (bits)
10
Adc Speed (ksps)
15
Analog Comparators
1
Resistive Touch Screen
No
Temp. Sensor
Yes
Crypto Engine
No
Sram (kbytes)
2.1
Eeprom (bytes)
512
Self Program Memory
YES
Dram Memory
No
Nand Interface
No
Picopower
No
Temp. Range (deg C)
-40 to 85
I/o Supply Class
2.7 to 5.5
Operating Voltage (vcc)
2.7 to 5.5
Fpu
No
Mpu / Mmu
no / no
Timers
4
Output Compare Channels
12
Input Capture Channels
2
Pwm Channels
8
32khz Rtc
No
Calibrated Rc Oscillator
Yes
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18.5
18.5.1
7766F–AVR–11/10
Data Transmission – The USART Transmitter
Sending Frames with 5 to 8 Data Bit
The USART Transmitter is enabled by setting the Transmit Enable (TXEN) bit in the UCSRnB
Register. When the Transmitter is enabled, the normal port operation of the TxDn pin is overrid-
den by the USART and given the function as the Transmitter’s serial output. The baud rate,
mode of operation and frame format must be set up once before doing any transmissions. If syn-
chronous operation is used, the clock on the XCKn pin will be overridden and used as
transmission clock.
A data transmission is initiated by loading the transmit buffer with the data to be transmitted. The
CPU can load the transmit buffer by writing to the UDRn I/O location. The buffered data in the
transmit buffer will be moved to the Shift Register when the Shift Register is ready to send a new
frame. The Shift Register is loaded with new data if it is in idle state (no ongoing transmission) or
immediately after the last stop bit of the previous frame is transmitted. When the Shift Register is
loaded with new data, it will transfer one complete frame at the rate given by the Baud Register,
U2Xn bit or by XCKn depending on mode of operation.
The following code examples show a simple USART transmit function based on polling of the
Data Register Empty (UDREn) Flag. When using frames with less than eight bits, the most sig-
nificant bits written to the UDRn are ignored. The USART has to be initialized before the function
can be used. For the assembly code, the data to be sent is assumed to be stored in Register
R16
Note:
The function simply waits for the transmit buffer to be empty by checking the UDREn Flag,
before loading it with new data to be transmitted. If the Data Register Empty interrupt is utilized,
the interrupt routine writes the data into the buffer.
Assembly Code Example
C Code Example
.
USART_Transmit:
void USART_Transmit( unsigned char data )
{
}
; Wait for empty transmit buffer
sbis UCSRnA,UDREn
rjmp USART_Transmit
; Put data (r16) into buffer, sends the data
out
ret
/* Wait for empty transmit buffer */
while ( !( UCSRnA & (1<<UDREn)) )
/* Put data into buffer, sends the data */
UDRn = data;
1. See “Code Examples” on page 8.
UDRn,r16
;
(1)
(1)
ATmega16/32U4
193
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