MIKROE-957 mikroElektronika, MIKROE-957 Datasheet - Page 40

• Manufacturer Part Number: MIKROE-957
• Description: Other Development Tools ASLK PRO ANALOG DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
• Manufacturer: mikroElektronika

Specifications of MIKROE-957

• Rohs: yes
• Product: Analog System Lab Kit PRO
• Tool Is For Evaluation Of: TL082, MPY634
• Operating Supply Voltage: 2.5 V to 5.5 V
• Description/function: Analog Lab Kit for Undergraduate Engineering
• Maximum Operating Temperature: + 125 C
• Minimum Operating Temperature: - 40 C

The feedback loop is made up of a two-bit A/D converter (at
called Schmitt trigger, and an integrator. The circuit is also known as a function
generator and is shown in Figure 6.1. The output of the function generator is
shown in Figure 6.2.
The function generator produces a square wave at the Schmitt Trigger output and
a triangular wave at the integrator output with the frequency of oscillation equal
to
VCO by using the multiplier integrator combination as shown in Figure 6.3.
The frequency of oscillation of the VCO becomes
page 40
6.1 Brief theory and motivation
1
1
1
10
!
V
K
4
K
To understand a classic mixed mode circuit that uses two-bit A to D Converter
along with an analog integrator block. The architecture of the circuit is similar
to that of a sigma delta converter.
f
f
f
dV
df
kHz
V
kHz
c
l
RC
V
VCO
VCO
=
=
1
kHz
c
ss
=
_
_
=
1 4
1 4
#
4
_
$
df
dV
RC V R
R R
RC
RC
V R
l
c
2
R
c
$
=
1
i
$
i
Goal of the experiment
$
$
1
2
i
_
r
4
_
R R
$
R R
RC V V
2
2
1
R
$
2
1
1
i
i
r
Figure 6.1: Function Generator
. The function generator circuit can be converted as a linear
U
1
1
=
R
!
K
Vc
f
f
2
f
l
V
VCO
=
Hz Volts
ss
=
V
_
G
=
1 4
4
$
df
dV
V
F1
RC V R
RC
V R
l
c
c
$
=
i
$
U
$
1
10
•U
2
_
4
r
2
R R
$
RC V V
2
1
R
$
2
R
1
i
r
1
=
U
1
1
1
10
!
K
V
K
4
dV
f
f
f
df
kHz
V
kHz
2
c
l
RC
Vc
V
=
VCO
=
1
VCO
kHz
c
ss
=
f
C
_
_
=
1 4
1 4
levels), also
#
4
Hz Volts
dV
_
$
df
RC V R
R R
RC
RC
V R
l
c
2
c
=
$
i
i
$
V
$
$
1
2
_
4
_
i
r
F2
R R
$
R R
RC V V
2
2
1
R
$
2
1
1
i
i
r
Sensitivity of the VCO is the important parameter and is given as
given as
where
VCO is an important analog circuit as it is used in FSK/FM generation and constitutes
the modulator part of the MODEM. As a VCO, it can be used in Phase Locked Loop
(PLL). It is a basic building block forming sigma delta converter. It can also be used
as reference oscillator for a Class D amplifier.
6.2 Specifications
Design of a function generator which can generate square and triangular wave for
a frequency of 1 kHz.
6.3 Measurements to be taken
Determine the frequency of oscillations of square and triangular wave. Frequency of
oscillation should be equal to
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) or FM/FSK generator also called “mod of modem.”
1
=
Vc
f
1
1
1
10
!
K
V
K
4
dV
f
f
f
Hz Volts
df
kHz
V
kHz
c
l
RC
V
VCO
VCO
=
=
1
kHz
c
ss
=
_
_
=
1 4
1 4
#
4
1
1
1
10
!
K
V
K
4
dV
f
f
f
_
$
df
dV
df
kHz
V
kHz
RC V R
c
R R
RC
RC
l
RC
V
V R
VCO
VCO
=
=
1
l
c
2
kHz
c
c
ss
=
$
=
i
$
i
_
_
$
$
1
2
=
4
i
_
r
_
1 4
1 4
#
4
R R
$
R R
RC V V
2
2
Figure 6.2: Function Generator Output
1
R
dV
_
$
df
$
1
2
!
K
V
K
4
RC V R
R R
f
f
f
RC
RC
1
1
kHz
c
i
i
V R
l
RC
r
V
VCO
VCO
=
=
1
l
c
2
ss
=
c
1
_
_
=
=
$
1 4
1 4
=
#
i
i
4
$
_
$
df
dV
$
$
Vc
1
RC V R
R R
2
f
i
RC
RC
_
4
_
r
V R
l
c
2
c
R R
$
Hz Volts
R R
RC V V
$
=
i
i
$
2
2
$
$
1
2
_
4
_
i
1
r
R
R R
$
R R
RC V V
$
2
2
2
1
R
1
1
$
i
i
2
r
1
1
i
i
Analog System Lab Kit PRO
r
. Convert the function generator into a
1
1
=
=
Vc
f
Vc
Hz Volts
f
Hz Volts
1
1
1
10
V
K
4
dV
df
kHz
V
kHz
c
RC
1
VCO
kHz
c
, where it is
#
_
R R
2
(6.1)
1
i