ADP1073AN-5 AD [Analog Devices], ADP1073AN-5 Datasheet - Page 6

• Manufacturer Part Number: ADP1073AN-5
• Description: Micropower DC.DC Converter Adjustable and Fixed 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V
• Manufacturer: AD [Analog Devices]

ADP1073
COMPONENT SELECTION
General Notes on Inductor Selection
When the ADP1073 internal power switch turns on, current
begins to flow in the inductor. Energy is stored in the inductor
core while the switch is on, and this stored energy is then trans-
ferred to the load when the switch turns off. Both the collector
and the emitter of the switch transistor are accessible on the
ADP1073, so the output voltage can be higher, lower or of
opposite polarity than the input voltage.
To specify an inductor for the ADP1073, the proper values of
inductance, saturation current and dc resistance must be deter-
mined. This process is not difficult, and specific equations for
each circuit configuration are provided in this data sheet.
In general terms, however, the inductance value must be low
enough to store the required amount of energy (when both
input voltage and switch ON time are at a minimum) but high
enough that the inductor will not saturate when both V
switch ON time are at their maximum values. The inductor
must also store enough energy to supply the load without satu-
rating. Finally, the dc resistance of the inductor should be low
so that excessive power will not be wasted by heating the
windings. For most ADP1073 applications, an 82 H to
1000 H inductor with a saturation current rating of 300 mA to
1 A is suitable. Ferrite core inductors that meet these specifica-
tions are available in small, surface-mount packages.
To minimize Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI), a toroid or
pot core type inductor is recommended. Rod core inductors are
a lower cost alternative if EMI is not a problem.
Calculating the Inductor Value
Selecting the proper inductor value is a simple three-step process:
1. Define the operating parameters: minimum input voltage,
2. Select the appropriate conversion topology (step-up, step-
3. Calculate the inductor value, using the equations in the
Inductor Selection—Step-Up Converter
In a step-up, or boost, converter (Figure 15), the inductor must
store enough power to make up the difference between the
input voltage and the output voltage. The power that must be
stored is calculated from the equation:
where V
Schottky). Energy is only stored in the inductor while the
ADP1073 switch is ON, so the energy stored in the inductor on
each switching cycle must be must be equal to or greater than:
in order for the ADP1073 to regulate the output voltage.
When the internal power switch turns ON, current flow in the
inductor increases at the rate of:
maximum input voltage, output voltage and output current.
down or inverting).
following sections.
D
is the diode forward voltage ( 0.5 V for a 1N5818
P
L
V
I
OUT
L
(t)
V
f
P
OSC
V
D
R
L
IN
–V
1– e
IN(MIN )
–R t
L
I
OUT
IN
and
(1)
(2)
(3)
–6–
where L is in henrys and R' is the sum of the switch equivalent
resistance (typically 0.8
the inductor. If the voltage drop across the switch is small com-
pared to V
Replacing t in the above equation with the ON time of the ADP1073
(38 s, typical) will define the peak current for a given inductor
value and input voltage. At this point, the inductor energy can
be calculated as follows:
As previously mentioned, E
ADP1073 can deliver the necessary power to the load. For best
efficiency, peak current should be limited to 1 A or less. Higher
switch currents will reduce efficiency because of increased satu-
ration voltage in the switch. High peak current also increases
output ripple. As a general rule, keep peak current as low as
possible to minimize losses in the switch, inductor and diode.
In practice, the inductor value is easily selected using the equa-
tions above. For example, consider a supply that will generate
5 V at 25 mA from two alkaline batteries with a 2 V end-of-life
voltage. The inductor power required is, from Equation 1:
On each switching cycle, the inductor must supply:
Since the inductor power is low, the peak current can also be
low. Assuming a peak current of 100 mA as a starting point,
Equation 4 can be rearranged to recommend an inductor value:
Substituting a standard inductor value of 470 H, with 1.2
resistance, will produce a peak switch current of:
Once the peak current is known, the inductor energy can be
calculated from Equation 5:
The inductor energy of 5.2 J is greater than the P
quirement of 4.6 J, so the 470 H inductor will work in this
application. The optimum inductor value can be determined
by substituting other inductor values into the same equations.
When selecting an inductor, the peak current must not exceed
the maximum switch current of 1.5 A.
The peak current must be evaluated for both minimum and
maximum values of input voltage. If the switch current is high
when V
at the maximum value of V
IN
is at its minimum, then the 1.5 A limit may be exceeded
IN
P
I
PEAK
, a simpler equation can be used:
L
L
E
(5V 0.5V – 2V ) (25 mA) 87.5 mW
L
I
L(MAX )
V
1
2
2.0
E
f
IN
(470 H ) (149 mA)
2 V
P
OSC
L
L
I
t
L
IN
1
2
at +25 C) and the dc resistance of
(t)
87.5 mW
1 – e
L
. In this case, the ADP1073’s current
19 kHz
100 mA
L I
must be greater than P
2V
V
–2.0
L
IN
2 PEAK
470 H
t
38 s 760 H
38 s
4.6
2
J
5.2 J
149 mA
L
L
/f
/f
OSC
OSC
REV. 0
so the
re-
(4)
(5)
dc