max9728a Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., max9728a Datasheet - Page 7

• Manufacturer Part Number: max9728a
• Description: 60mw, Directdrive, Stereo Headphone Amplifier With Shutdown
• Manufacturer: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.

The MAX9728A/MAX9728B stereo headphone ampli-
fiers feature Maxim’s patented DirectDrive architecture,
eliminating the large output-coupling capacitors
required by conventional single-supply headphone
amplifiers. The device consists of two 60mW Class AB
headphone
(UVLO)/shutdown control, charge pump, and compre-
hensive click-and-pop suppression circuitry (see the
Functional Diagram/Typical Operating Circuits). The
charge pump inverts the positive supply (V
ing a negative supply (PV
fiers operate from these bipolar supplies with their
outputs biased about PGND (Figure 1). The benefit of
this PGND bias is that the amplifier outputs do not have
a DC component. The large DC-blocking capacitors
required with conventional headphone amplifiers are
unnecessary, conserving board space, reducing sys-
tem cost, and improving frequency response. The
MAX9728A/MAX9728B feature an undervoltage lockout
that prevents operation from an insufficient power sup-
ply and click-and-pop suppression that eliminates audi-
ble transients on startup and shutdown. The
MAX9728A/MAX9728B also feature thermal-overload
and short-circuit protection.
Conventional single-supply headphone amplifiers have
their outputs biased about a nominal DC voltage (typical-
ly half the supply) for maximum dynamic range. Large-
coupling capacitors are needed to block this DC bias
from the headphone. Without these capacitors, a signifi-
cant amount of DC current flows to the headphone,
resulting in unnecessary power dissipation and possible
damage to both headphone and headphone amplifier.
Maxim’s patented DirectDrive architecture uses a
charge pump to create an internal negative supply volt-
age, allowing the MAX9728A/MAX9728B outputs to be
biased about GND. With no DC component, there is no
need for the large DC-blocking capacitors. The
MAX9728A/MAX9728B charge pumps require two
small ceramic capacitors, conserving board space,
reducing cost, and improving the frequency response
of the headphone amplifier. See the Output Power vs.
Load Resistance and Charge-Pump Capacitor Size
graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics for
details of the possible capacitor sizes. There is a low
DC voltage on the amplifier outputs due to amplifier off-
set. However, the offsets of the MAX9728A/MAX9728B
are typically 1.5mV, which, when combined with a 32Ω
load, results in less than 47µA of DC current flow to the
headphones.
amplifiers,
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Detailed Description
60mW, DirectDrive, Stereo Headphone
SS
). The headphone ampli-
undervoltage
DirectDrive
DD
lockout
), creat-
Amplifier with Shutdown
The MAX9728A/MAX9728B feature a low-noise charge
pump. The 270kHz switching frequency is well beyond
the audio range and does not interfere with audio sig-
nals. The switch drivers feature a controlled switching
speed that minimizes noise generated by turn-on and
turn-off transients. The di/dt noise caused by the para-
sitic bond wire and trace inductance is minimized by
limiting the switching speed of the charge pump.
Although not typically required, additional high-fre-
quency noise attenuation can be achieved by increas-
ing the value of C2 (see the Functional Diagram/Typical
Operating Circuits).
In conventional single-supply audio amplifiers, the out-
put-coupling capacitor contributes significantly to audi-
ble clicks and pops. Upon startup, the amplifier charges
the coupling capacitor to its bias voltage, typically half
the supply. Likewise, on shutdown, the capacitor is dis-
charged. This results in a DC shift across the capacitor,
which appears as an audible transient at the speaker.
Figure 1. Conventional Driver Output Waveform vs.
MAX9728A/MAX9728B Output Waveform
V
DD
GND
-V
GND
V
V
DD
DD
DD
/2
V
V
OUT
OUT
CONVENTIONAL DRIVER-BIASING SCHEME
Click-and-Pop Suppression
DirectDrive BIASING SCHEME
2V
Charge Pump
V
DD
DD
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