AC164127-7 Microchip Technology, AC164127-7 Datasheet

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AC164127-7

Manufacturer Part Number
AC164127-7
Description
Graphics Controller PICtail Plus Epson S1D13517 Board Graphics
Manufacturer
Microchip Technology
Series
PICtail™ Plusr
Datasheets

Specifications of AC164127-7

Main Purpose
Displays, LCD Controller
Embedded
-
Utilized Ic / Part
S1D13517
Primary Attributes
For Use With PIC32 Starter KIT and Explorer 16 Dev Boards
Secondary Attributes
-
Lead Free Status / Rohs Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
INTRODUCTION
Graphic-enabled devices are used extensively in daily
life. They are found everywhere, including indoor
products, such as telephones, calculators, pagers, MP3
players, digital electric meters, smart remote and UPS
displays. They are also used in outdoor products, such
as traffic signals, taxi meters, bus displays, advertise-
ment boards, etc. The list is virtually endless. A current
trend is that many existing devices are becoming
graphic-enabled because it is economically feasible,
easy to use and the latest in technology.
This application note is intended to help engineers who
are designing their first graphic application. It describes
the basic definitions and jargons of graphics applications
and it helps the engineer to understand the theory,
necessary decision factors, hardware considerations,
available microcontrollers and development tools. Soft-
ware libraries and support are available from Microchip
with further literature references for advanced users.
BASICS OF COLOR SCIENCE
In its purest form, color is associated with the
wavelength of light, within human visible range, from
about 400 nm (Violet) to 700 nm (Red), with Yellow
centered at about 575 nm. That means, if a light of
575 nm wavelength is incident on human eyes, it is
perceived as a Yellow light. We have also learned that
colors can be derived from three basic colors: Red,
Blue and Green. For example, Yellow can be derived
by mixing Red and Green lights. Is this true? The
answer is both no and yes. It is no because mixing Red
and Green lights will constitute a mixture of lights with
wavelengths of 700 nm and 560 nm, and there is not a
wavelength representing Yellow. The answer is yes
because human eyes perceive this mixture as a Yellow
colored light. Therefore, we see the mixture of Red and
Green lights as a single Yellow light, as shown in
Figure
of the human eye.
 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.
Author:
1. This is due to the color recognition properties
Pradeep Budagutta
Microchip Technology Inc.
Developing Embedded Graphics Applications using PIC
Microcontrollers with Integrated Graphics Controller
FIGURE 1:
Human eyes perceive the light as a Yellow colored light
instead of separate Red and Green colored lights. This
color recognition property of the human eye is the
foundation of the RGB (Red, Green and Blue) model.
The model states that the human eye can be made to
perceive different colors by mixing appropriate
proportions (intensities) of Red, Blue and Green colors.
Therefore, a ‘colored’ light can be formed by mixing
different proportions of Red, Green and Blue colors.
• Mixing the same proportions of three RGB colors
• Mixing a zero amount of all RGB colors gives a
• Mixing a maximum amount of all RGB colors
Varying the intensity of light, while keeping the same
proportion of RGB, gives different shades of Gray,
which is also known as ‘Grayscale’. Using a single
color (a fixed proportion of RGB) throughout an appli-
cation gives a ‘Monochrome’ application, meaning a
single color.
Since everything is represented in bits and bytes in a
digital system, then how can actual colors be repre-
sented as a number in the form of bits or bytes? Each
of these three basic colors (RGB) can represent a byte
for a number ranging from 0 to 255. Therefore, with
3 bytes, we can represent 16 million colors (2
this is termed as “True Color”. It is also common to use
16 bits to represent colors. With 16 bits, we can
represent 64K colors (2
graphics applications.
gives a Gray color
Black color
gives a White color
RED + GREEN = YELLOW
AN1368
16
), which is sufficient for many
DS01368A-page 1
®
24
) and

Related parts for AC164127-7

AC164127-7 Summary of contents

Page 1

... Therefore, we see the mixture of Red and Green lights as a single Yellow light, as shown in Figure 1. This is due to the color recognition properties of the human eye.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. AN1368 FIGURE 1: RED + GREEN = YELLOW Human eyes perceive the light as a Yellow colored light instead of separate Red and Green colored lights ...

Page 2

... RGB (8-bit index), 16 entries of RGB (4-bit index), 4 entries of RGB (2-bit index) and 2 entries of RGB (1-bit index). This scheme is mainly used to save memory. For more information on this scheme, see “Color Look-up Table (CLUT)”. FIGURE 4: COLOR LOOK-UP TABLE (CLUT)  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Appendix A: ...

Page 3

... FIGURE 5: A 3.5 QVGA DISPLAY IN LANDSCAPE MODE 320 Pixels  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. A screen can be in Landscape mode (width > height Portrait mode (height > width). The ratio of the display screen’s visible width to its visible height is called the ‘Aspect Ratio’. The most commonly used aspect ratio is 4:3 ...

Page 4

... Table 1 display technologies. STN (CSTN/MSTN) High Low No Yes Yes No Required Low 1.5" to 5.7" Low High Medium Medium Figure 6. They Display Glass gives a brief comparison of different (1) AMOLED High No Yes Not Required High Up to 2.8" High Low High  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 5

... The display controller must adhere to the timing requirements of the display glass.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. of display Frame Buffer The frame buffer is a memory (usually a RAM), which holds the data to be shown on the display screen and acts as the data source for the display controller ...

Page 6

... In Figure 7, only four pixels will be changed, and at a 16-bit color depth 16 bytes need to be sent to the frame buffer. Frame Display Buffer Controller Display Glass  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 7

... Frame Display Buffer Parallel Buffer Controller Microcontroller D. 3 Devices  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. needs to understand the types of combinations of these basic components that are possible in the form of ICs. There are four types of possible combinations, as illustrated in Figure 8. Table 2 lists the advantages and disadvantages of the four combinations of the basic components ...

Page 8

... More system compo- nents and more PCB space • Display size is limited by the frame buffer inside the display controller • Display size is limited by the frame buffer inside the microcontroller • Requires an extra IC chip for the frame buffer  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 9

... V = LCD Supply LCD Data = Digital Signal from Controller  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Depending on the design of the display panel, all four types of the power signals can be found in the panel data sheet. In some cases, only the digital power and backlight signals appear. This means that the panel has integrated an internal circuitry to generate the analog and LCD power signals ...

Page 10

... When a point on the screen is touched, the x-coordinate voltage is obtained by applying voltages across the y- signal and measuring the analog voltage on the x-signal, as shown in Figure obtained by applying voltage across x-signals and measuring the analog y-voltage, as shown Figure 10 illustrates the 11. The y-coordinate voltage is Figure 12. X  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 11

... Frame Buffer Size • Microcontroller Processing Power • Configuration of Graphics Components • Frame Rate vs. MIPS • Interfacing with Unmatched Number of Display RGB Lines These decision factors are described in the following sections.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc Display Resolution and Size ...

Page 12

... BPP or 2 BPP can be used, saving the RAM by 75% and 87.5%, respectively, as compared to 16 BPP. requirements for different color depths. 16 BPP 8 BPP 65,536 256 153,600 76,800 Table 3 lists the RAM 4 BPP 2 BPP 16 4 38,400 19,200  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 13

... The best way to check the processing power requirements is to evaluate using the standard graphics development tools. (For more information on development tools, see the “Development Tools” section.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Configuration of Graphics Components In Table 2, each configuration has its own advantages and disadvantages. ...

Page 14

... LSbs to the MSbs is the widely used method, since this enables the display to have a wider range of color values. Connect GND or MSb DD dp_Blue[5] or Connect GND or MSb RGB 666 (Display) dp_Red [5] dp_Red [1] dp_Red [0] dp _Green [5..0] dp_Blue [5..1] dp_Blue[0]  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 15

... RGB 666 Red [5] Red [0] Green [5..0] Blue [4..0] Blue [0]  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. The MSbs of the display lines of each color of the dis- play controller are connected to all the display signal lines of the LCD. The unconnected LSbs may be left unconnected. No Connect ...

Page 16

... RAM through the Enhanced PMP module to increase the size of the frame buffer. The PIC24FJ256DA210 graphics controller module is shown in PIC24F Graphics Controller Module Display Module Interface Interface CHRGPU IPU CLUT System RAM Figure 17. GD<15:0> HSYNC VSYNC GEN GPWR GCLK  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 17

... A TFT LCD with External 16-Bit Wide RAM of 256 Kbytes (using 16-bit colors) A 16-Color MSTN without External RAM  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. • GPWR is the power supply control signal for the display glass. In some large displays, an external circuitry may be needed. Use this signal to enable or disable the external power circuitry ...

Page 18

... RAM for IPU operation, using compile-time options as described in the Microchip Graphics Library Help file. For more information on these GPUs and their registers, refer to Section 43. “Graphics Controller Module (GFX)” (DS39731) in the “PIC24F Family Reference Manual”.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 19

... Microchip’s generic development board for 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers, such as the Explorer 16 board and PIC32 starter kits. FIGURE 18: GRAPHICS PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD WITH 3.2'' DISPLAY KIT (AC164127-3) FIGURE 19: DEVELOPMENT BOARD SUPPLIED WITH PIC24FJ256DA210 DEVELOPMENT KIT (DV164039)  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 20

... AN1368 FIGURE 20: 4.3'' WQVGA POWERTIP TFT DISPLAY BOARD (AC164127-6) FIGURE 21: GRAPHICS DISPLAY PROTOTYPE BOARDS (AC164139) DS01368A-page 20  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 21

... Solutions’. The ‘C’ files are in the folder, Microchip Solutions/Microchip/ Graphics, and the header files are in the folder, Microchip Solutions/Microchip/Include/Graphics. The  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Features of the Microchip Graphics Library are: • Works with 16-bit and 32-bit PIC ® ...

Page 22

... The difference between the two is that the heap requirement is needed for each instance of a widget, while the RAM requirement is needed for each type of widget. The RAM requirement is constant and not dependent on the number of instances of one type of widget.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 23

... USE_BUTTON, must also be defined. If these individual macros are not defined, the widgets will not be compiled even if they are included in the project.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Users can also create their own widgets and add to the graphics library. See GOL ...

Page 24

... Note 1: Refer to the application note, AN1136, “How to Use Widgets in Microchip Graphics Library” for creating a simple application. 2: Refer to the Microchip Graphics Library Help file for the list of related application notes. 5. application must possess the and GOLMsgCallback() Example 4. 5).  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 25

... WORD GOLMsgCallback(WORD objMsg, OBJ_HEADER *pObj, GOL_MSG *pMsg beep if button is pressed if(objMsg == BTN_MSG_PRESSED) { Beep(); } }  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. // Draw GOL objects // Drawing is done here, process messages // Get message from touch screen // Process message // Get message from side buttons // Process message AN1368 ...

Page 26

... WORD ExternalMemoryCallback(EXTDATA *memory, LONG offset, WORD nCount, void *buffer), to get data from the external memory. 13. COLOR_DEPTH: Specifies the color depth used in the demo in bits-per-pixel and it can take values, such (limited by the hardware capabilities). The Supports fonts  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 27

... SPI C™ or PMP to interface to the microcontroller with the external memory (EEPROM, Flash or SD Card).  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. bit map 7. Touch Screen Definitions: These #defines provide the definitions and setup information of ADC channels used for sensing a touch in touch screen-enabled applications ...

Page 28

... One important savings of 8-bit representation over 24-bit representation is in storage space, which is 300 Kbytes vs. 900 Kbytes (with no compression applied). Figure A-1 can help in understanding the CLUT, which is also known as a palette table. CLUT Color Color 21 Color Value  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. the 256 color 210 200 ...

Page 29

... This is also known as palette animation. In the above explanation, we saw a simple way to cluster the image and device a CLUT, but clustering is a slow process.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Table A-1 represents the image using indexes instead of RGB values from the palette table, as shown in Table A-2 ...

Page 30

... Enable double-buffering by defining, USE_DOUBLE_BUFFERING in the GraphicsConfig.h. • See the section on double-buffering in the B-2. Microchip Graphics Library Help file for code examples. Figure B-3. SWAP STAGE Exchange Frame Buffer Figure B-4. FINAL STAGE Copy Frame Buffer  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Page 31

... Repeat the above steps until the whole screen is transferred to the frame buffer, as shown in 2. Expanding Rectangle: This effect shows a rectangle expanding from the middle to the periphery of the screen.  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE C-2: Draw screen. Buffer Algorithm: Step i: The new screen is completely created in the draw buffer ...

Page 32

... Graphics Library” (DS01136), Paolo Tamayo, Microchip Technology Inc., 2007. • , AN1246 “How to Create Widgets in Microchip Graphics Library” (DS01246), Paolo Tamayo and Harold Serrano, Microchip Technology Inc., 2009. • AN1227, “Using a Keyboard with the Microchip Graphics Library” (DS01227), Anton Alkhimenok, Microchip Technology Inc., 2008. ...

Page 33

... PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. ...

Page 34

... Philippines - Manila Tel: 63-2-634-9065 Fax: 63-2-634-9069 Singapore Tel: 65-6334-8870 Fax: 65-6334-8850 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Tel: 886-3-6578-300 Fax: 886-3-6578-370 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Tel: 886-7-213-7830 Fax: 886-7-330-9305 Taiwan - Taipei Tel: 886-2-2500-6610 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102 Thailand - Bangkok Tel: 66-2-694-1351 Fax: 66-2-694-1350  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. 02/18/11 ...

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