LPC660AIM National Semiconductor, LPC660AIM Datasheet - Page 9

• Manufacturer Part Number: LPC660AIM
• Description: IC,Operational Amplifier,QUAD,CMOS,SOP,14PIN,PLASTIC
• Manufacturer: National Semiconductor

Specifications of LPC660AIM

• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Contains lead / RoHS non-compliant

Application Hints
amps, due to the additional gain stage; however, when driv-
ing load resistance of 5 k
as indicated in the Electrical Characteristics. The op amp
can drive load resistance as low as 500
COMPENSATING INPUT CAPACITANCE
Refer to the LMC660 or LMC662 datasheets to determine
whether or not a feedback capacitor will be necessary for
compensation and what the value of that capacitor would be.
CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE
Like many other op amps, the LPC660 may oscillate when
its applied load appears capacitive. The threshold of oscilla-
tion varies both with load and circuit gain. The configuration
most sensitive to oscillation is a unity-gain follower. See the
Typical Performance Characteristics.
The load capacitance interacts with the op amp’s output re-
sistance to create an additional pole. If this pole frequency is
sufficiently low, it will degrade the op amp’s phase margin so
that the amplifier is no longer stable at low gains. The addi-
tion of a small resistor (50
amp’s output, and a capacitor (5 pF to 10 pF) from inverting
input to output pins, returns the phase margin to a safe value
without interfering with lower-frequency circuit operation.
Thus, larger values of capacitance can be tolerated without
oscillation. Note that in all cases, the output will ring heavily
when the load capacitance is near the threshold for
oscillation.
Capacitive load driving capability is enhanced by using a pull
up resistor to V
ducting 50 µA or more will significantly improve capacitive
load responses. The value of the pull up resistor must be de-
termined based on the current sinking capability of the ampli-
FIGURE 2. Rx, Cx Improve Capacitive Load Tolerance
+
( Figure 3 ). Typically a pull up resistor con-
or less, the gain will be reduced
to 100 ) in series with the op
(Continued)
without instability.
DS010547-7
9
fier with respect to the desired output swing. Open loop gain
of the amplifier can also be affected by the pull up resistor
(see Electrical Characteristics).
PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT
FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK
It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate
with less than 1000 pA of leakage current requires special
layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage
of the ultra-low bias current of the LPC660, typically less
than 0.04 pA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. For-
tunately, the techniques for obtaining low leakages are quite
simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of
the PC board, even though it may sometimes appear accept-
ably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust
or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable.
To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring
of foil completely surrounding the LPC660’s inputs and the
terminals of capacitors, diodes, conductors, resistors, relay
terminals, etc. connected to the op-amp’s inputs. See Figure
4 . To have a significant effect, guard rings should be placed
on both the top and bottom of the PC board. This PC foil
must then be connected to a voltage which is at the same
voltage as the amplifier inputs, since no leakage current can
flow between two points at the same potential. For example,
a PC board trace-to-pad resistance of 10
normally considered a very large resistance, could leak 5 pA
if the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to the pad of an input.
This would cause a 100 times degradation from the
LPC660’s actual performance. However, if a guard ring is
held within 5 mV of the inputs, then even a resistance of
10
perhaps a minor (2:1) degradation of the amplifier’s perfor-
mance. See Figure 5a , Figure 5b , Figure 5c for typical con-
nections of guard rings for standard op-amp configurations.
If both inputs are active and at high impedance, the guard
can be tied to ground and still provide some protection; see
Figure 5d .
11
ohms would cause only 0.05 pA of leakage current, or
Capacitive Loads with A Pull Up Resistor
FIGURE 3. Compensating for Large
DS010547-26
12
ohms, which is
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