ATMEGA164A-MCHR Atmel, ATMEGA164A-MCHR Datasheet - Page 14
ATMEGA164A-MCHR
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA164A-MCHR
Description
IC MCU AVR 16K 20MHZ 44QFN
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Datasheet
1.ATMEGA164A-MCHR.pdf
(581 pages)
Specifications of ATMEGA164A-MCHR
Package / Case
44-VQFN Exposed Pad
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
1.8 V ~ 5.5 V
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Speed
20MHz
Number Of I /o
32
Eeprom Size
512 x 8
Core Processor
AVR
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Ram Size
1K x 8
Program Memory Size
16KB (16K x 8)
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Connectivity
I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Core Size
8-Bit
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
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6.4.1
6.5
8272A–AVR–01/10
Stack Pointer
The X-register, Y-register, and Z-register
The registers R26..R31 have some added functions to their general purpose usage. These reg-
isters are 16-bit address pointers for indirect addressing of the data space. The three indirect
address registers X, Y, and Z are defined as described in
Figure 6-3.
In the different addressing modes these address registers have functions as fixed displacement,
automatic increment, and automatic decrement (see the instruction set reference for details).
The Stack is mainly used for storing temporary data, for storing local variables and for storing
return addresses after interrupts and subroutine calls. Note that the Stack is implemented as
growing from higher to lower memory locations. The Stack Pointer Register always points to the
top of the Stack. The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM Stack area where the Subroutine
and Interrupt Stacks are located. A Stack PUSH command will decrease the Stack Pointer.
The Stack in the data SRAM must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are
executed or interrupts are enabled. Initial Stack Pointer value equals the last address of the
internal SRAM and the Stack Pointer must be set to point above start of the SRAM, see
7-2 on page
See
Table 6-1.
The AVR Stack Pointer is implemented as two 8-bit registers in the I/O space. The number of
bits actually used is implementation dependent, see
space in some implementations of the AVR architecture is so small that only SPL is needed. In
this case, the SPH Register will not be present.
164A/164PA/324A/324PA/644A/644PA/1284/1284P
X-register
Y-register
Z-register
Instruction
PUSH
CALL
ICALL
RCALL
POP
RET
RETI
Table 6-1
21.
The X-, Y-, and Z-registers
Stack Pointer instructions
Stack pointer
Decremented by 1
Decremented by 2
Incremented by 1
Incremented by 2
for Stack Pointer details.
15
7
R27 (0x1B)
15
7
R29 (0x1D)
15
7
R31 (0x1F)
Description
Data is pushed onto the stack
Return address is pushed onto the stack with a subroutine call or
interrupt
Data is popped from the stack
Return address is popped from the stack with return from
subroutine or return from interrupt
XH
YH
ZH
0
Table 6-2 on page
0
0
Figure
7
R26 (0x1A)
7
R28 (0x1C)
7
R30 (0x1E)
6-3.
15. Note that the data
XL
YL
ZL
0
Figure
14
0
0
0
0
0
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