ATMEGA48A-PU Atmel, ATMEGA48A-PU Datasheet - Page 120

IC MCU AVR 4K FLASH 28PDIP

ATMEGA48A-PU

Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA48A-PU
Description
IC MCU AVR 4K FLASH 28PDIP
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Datasheets

Specifications of ATMEGA48A-PU

Core Processor
AVR
Core Size
8-Bit
Speed
20MHz
Connectivity
I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Number Of I /o
23
Program Memory Size
4KB (2K x 16)
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Eeprom Size
256 x 8
Ram Size
512 x 8
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
1.8 V ~ 5.5 V
Data Converters
A/D 6x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Package / Case
28-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)
Controller Family/series
Atmega
No. Of I/o's
23
Eeprom Memory Size
256Byte
Ram Memory Size
512Byte
Cpu Speed
20MHz
Rohs Compliant
Yes
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
15.5
8271C–AVR–08/10
Counter Unit
The main part of the 16-bit Timer/Counter is the programmable 16-bit bi-directional counter unit.
Figure 15-2
Figure 15-2. Counter Unit Block Diagram
Signal description (internal signals):
The 16-bit counter is mapped into two 8-bit I/O memory locations: Counter High (TCNT1H) con-
taining the upper eight bits of the counter, and Counter Low (TCNT1L) containing the lower eight
bits. The TCNT1H Register can only be indirectly accessed by the CPU. When the CPU does an
access to the TCNT1H I/O location, the CPU accesses the high byte temporary register (TEMP).
The temporary register is updated with the TCNT1H value when the TCNT1L is read, and
TCNT1H is updated with the temporary register value when TCNT1L is written. This allows the
CPU to read or write the entire 16-bit counter value within one clock cycle via the 8-bit data bus.
It is important to notice that there are special cases of writing to the TCNT1 Register when the
counter is counting that will give unpredictable results. The special cases are described in the
sections where they are of importance.
Depending on the mode of operation used, the counter is cleared, incremented, or decremented
at each timer clock (clk
selected by the Clock Select bits (CS12:0). When no clock source is selected (CS12:0 = 0) the
timer is stopped. However, the TCNT1 value can be accessed by the CPU, independent of
whether clk
count operations.
The counting sequence is determined by the setting of the Waveform Generation mode bits
(WGM13:0) located in the Timer/Counter Control Registers A and B (TCCR1A and TCCR1B).
There are close connections between how the counter behaves (counts) and how waveforms
are generated on the Output Compare outputs OC1x. For more details about advanced counting
sequences and waveform generation, see
ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328
Count
Direction
Clear
clk
TOP
BOTTOM
T
1
TCNTnH (8-bit)
TEMP (8-bit)
T
shows a block diagram of the counter and its surroundings.
1
is present or not. A CPU write overrides (has priority over) all counter clear or
TCNTn (16-bit Counter)
DATA BUS
T
1
). The clk
TCNTnL (8-bit)
(8-bit)
Increment or decrement TCNT1 by 1.
Select between increment and decrement.
Clear TCNT1 (set all bits to zero).
Timer/Counter clock.
Signalize that TCNT1 has reached maximum value.
Signalize that TCNT1 has reached minimum value (zero).
T
1
can be generated from an external or internal clock source,
Direction
Count
Clear
”Modes of Operation” on page
Control Logic
TOP
BOTTOM
TOVn
(Int.Req.)
clk
Tn
Clock Select
( From Prescaler )
Detector
Edge
126.
Tn
120

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